Sep 16, 2011 a high purity germanium hpge detector is the ultimate instrument for energy spectrometry of gamma radiation. Resolution function of a gmx series coaxial detector system model number gmx40p483 in the range of 40 kev to 1. High precision scans of the detector crystal and gammaray source measurements have been compared to montecarlo simulations to adjust the dimensions of a detector model. Employing the appropriate technology in both materials and processing techniques, we can offer the optimum detector for your needs. Pdf high purity germanium koya4039 gamma detection system. The detector energy resolution follows a characteristic. High purity germanium hpge radiation detectors products. This is in line with the last line of the ilias mission to prepare the best infrastructures for the future. High purity germanium hpge radiation detectors are well established as a valuable tool in nuclear science, astrophysics, and nuclear security applications. For example, the company that became fairchild semiconductor was founded in 1957 with the express purpose of producing silicon transistors. Optimization of amorphous germanium electrical contacts. In comparison to silicon detectors, germanium is much more efficient than silicon for radiation detection due to its atomic number being much higher than silicon and due to lower average energy necessary to create an.
Learn more about ortecs high purity germanium radiation detectors hpge today. For a semiconductor detector, the depletion depth is given by. We present an initial evaluation of a mechanicallycooled, highpurity germanium doublesided strip detector as a potential gamma camera for smallanimal spect. Otherwise, leakage current induced noise destroys the energy resolution of the detector. It is 90 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick with two sets of 16 orthogonal strips that have a. Pdf the impact of high purity germanium gamma detection system koya4039.
High purity germanium hpge detectors are widely used in nuclear spectroscopy e. Pdf the availability of germanium with less than 1010 acceptorscm3 has. Geli detectors were popular in the past and served as the common type of largevolume germanium detector for a long time. Performance of bare highpurity germanium detectors in. Using this model and the source term, the predicted response spectrum for each fallout composition was generated and compared using genie spectroscopy software in an attempt to find differentiating features between them. The advantages of the intrinsic radio purity and excellent spectroscopic performance 2 3 kev full width at half maximum resolution at qbb 2039 kev of hpge detectors have. This summer student project involved the test and calibration of two high purity coaxial germanium gammaray detectors. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gammaray energy spectrum can be produced. Oneyear measurements of gammaray background using a. Haller 2 topics to be discussed discovery of germanium and early history from the physics of dirt to a respectable science point contact diodes and transistors applications of germanium in nuclear physics. For high purity germanium detectors, the fwhm of the 32.
While silicon detectors cannot be thicker than a few millimeters, germanium can have a depleted, sensitive thickness of centimeters, and therefore can be used as a total absorption detector for gamma rays up to few mev. High purity germanium hpge detectors offer the best er of any conventional radiation detector with 1% fwhm at 140 kev johnson et al 2011a. Signal modeling of highpurity ge detectors with a small. High purity germanium hpge is the only radiation detection. Simulation study comparing highpurity germanium and. The present disclosure provides a high purity germanium hpge detector, comprising. The best choice of high purity germanium hpge detector detector efficiencye the detector efficiency in eq. Calibration of hpge gammaray planar detector system for.
Fabrication and characterization of high purity germanium detectors with amorphous germanium contacts x. Among other applications they will be used in the large enriched germanium experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay legend experiment for the search of neutrinoless double beta decay of 76 ge. This cost free and effortless technique was demonstrated to be effective for reducing the radoninduced background and has been commonly utilied in many. Germanium detectors are semiconductor diodes having a pin structure in which the intrinsic i region is sensitive to ionizing.
The germanium crystals used for the fabrication of nuclear radiation detectors are required to have a purity and crystalline perfection which is unsurpassed by any other solid material. In nuclear physics we require precise knowledge of the energy and time of the interaction of a gammaray photon in a high purity germanium hpge detector. Characterization of a highpurity germanium detector for. Ultimate x and gammaray spectroscopy with high count rates. Gammaray spectrometry using naitl and hpge detectors objectives.
Characterization of mechanically cooled high purity germanium. The high purity germanium spectroscopy detector is used in the detection and analysis of gammaray of environmental objects in nuclear energetics, products of industry and agriculture, medicine, etc. A semiconductor detector in ionizing radiation detection physics is a device that uses a semiconductor usually silicon or germanium to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons. The crucial condition for hpge detector functioning properly is. A high purity and homogeneous pbi 2 film was first prepared by. Purchase semiconductors for room temperature nuclear detector applications, volume 43 1st edition. Resolution and efficiency of high purity germanium detector. Nov 21, 2019 a highly crystalline and compact perovskite ch 3 nh 3 pbi 3 thin film is constructed by a twostep method on the germanium layer.
Index termsneutrinoless double beta decay, gerda, hpge detector, liquid argon. Ssbi can offer the optimum detector for a wide range of applications. Fabrication and characterization of highpurity germanium. Hpge detectors excel in gammaray spectroscopy, offering excellent energy resolution with large detector sizes for high. This dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the graduate school. Standard p type coaxial high purity germanium detector as. Canberra models gc7020 old, from 1990, and gx6020 new, from. Nats offers a complete range in high purity germanium detectors hpge. Laur nation a l laboratory high purity germanium detector repair authors. Pdf resolution and efficiency of high purity germanium.
Hpge tennessee research and creative exchange university of. The borehole reaches to within in 2 cm of the backsurface of the pin device and forms one contact. Standard high purity germanium detectors mirion offers the widest choice of high purity germanium hpge detector types in the industry. Pdf resolution and efficiency of high purity germanium detector. Calibration of hpge gammaray planar detector system for radioactivity standards tidatrut vichaidid 1, thongchai soodprasert1 and teerasak verapaspong2 abstract quantitative analysis of radioactive materials using efficiency calibration of gamma ray high purity germanium planar detector system has been studied.
Cfcfree mixture of gases, one component of which is flammable. Physics the xenon dark matter experiment, deployed at the gran sasso national laboratory in italy on march 2006, is a liquid noble gas detector designed to directly detect dark matter. A high purity germanium detector was modeled in mcnp6. High purity germanium detector array spie digital library. Introduction t he germanium detector array, gerda, will search for neutrinoless double beta decay 0 in 76ge 1 with the goal to investigate the nature of neutrinos and their mass. This project investigated whether these detectors could measure the quality and quantity of special nuclear material snm, particularly pu239 for the treaty verification mission. Position information has been limited to the solid angle and hence size. We use both ptype and ntype germanium and we use diffused, implanted, and. We measured full energy peak efficiency of high purity germanium detector which is important for gammaray spectrometry experiments. Technology development of high purity germanium crystals for. I have a question regarding gamma ray detector, the high purity germanium detector or aka hpge. The response of highpurity germanium detectors to xrays. Mainly used as gammaray detectors they also play an important role in the field of the search for neutrinoless doublebeta decay, nuclear physics and are used for dark matter searches as well. High purity germanium hpge crystals are indispensable for radiation detection and fundamental research.
The accuracy of beam energy depends solely on the detection results of hpge detector. On two cryogenic systems of high purity germanium detector. Digital gammaray spectroscopy with high purity germanium. Results obtained as a function of the photon input rate, energy resolution, and techniques for correcting for pulse overlap at high count rates will be discussed. Canberra has been developing a wide range of cutting edge technologies for high purity germanium hpge and silicon detectors, and has a long history of designing stateoftheart, turnkey systems to fit the most challenging applications. Hpge detectors have a 2030x improvement in resolution as compared to that of.
A brief but very effective description on the basic formation. High purity germanium hpge detectors can be produced from germanium material enriched in 76ge, which serves simultaneously as a source and as detector medium. When energy is deposited in the detector, the ipa detector converts the charge to a stepfunction output pulse of which. High purity germanium detector calibration at isolde. Connections between the detector strips and the circuit board traces were made with ultrasonic wedge. High purity germanium hpge detectors and spectrometers for gamma analysis, waste management, environmental monitoring, laboratory analysis, insitu measurements, homeland security, health physics, lowbackground measurements. These detectors are also called high purity germanium detectors hpge or hyperpure germanium detectors. Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection, gamma and xray spectrometry, and as particle detectors.
The advantages of the intrinsic radiopurity and excellent spectroscopic performance 2 3 kev full width at half maximum resolution at qbb 2039 kev of hpge detectors have. What is high purity germanium detector hpge definition. Manufacturer should provide detail geometry for the ge crystal and all materials inside the cryostat together with the complete drawing of the cryostat assembly. Detectors highpurity germanium detectors broad energy. The resolution at low energies is equivalent to that of our low ener. Performance of bare highpurity germanium detectors in liquid. Haller 28 ultrapure germanium detector with closedend coaxial contact geometry. The theory of response characteristics is explained, and the high resolution measurement results are contrasted with those from a sodium iodide nai. High purity germanium crystal, hpge planar detector, amorphous. High purity germanium detector array, proceedings of spie. High purity germanium hpge detectors remain the recognized gold standard for high resolution gammaray spectroscopy. As a result, gammaray spectrometers based on high purity germanium detectors are emerging as a powerful tool for a range of planetary science applications. Germaniumperovskite heterostructure for highperformance and. Signal modeling of highpurity ge detectors with a small read.
High purity germanium detector in gammaray spectrometry. Gaussian energy broadening function of an hpge detector in. Meng et althe impact of neutral impurity concentration on charge drift mobility in ntype germanium h. Introduction the lbliucf collaborative program which suc cessfully developed high purity germanium chargedpar ticle detector systems to the point where their use at iucf could be considered routine was reported in our first paper 1. This work investigates the ability of a high purity germanium detector to perform postdetonation forensics on the debris from several types of nuclear weapons 24 hours after detonation. Tl well detector and a high purity germanium semiconductor detector, and the important features of the recorded gammaray spectra will be discussed. Oneyear measurements of gammaray background using a high.
Operation of a high purity germanium crystal in liquid argon. Gamma background studies for the xenon experiment using a high purity germanium detector by jesse isaac angle may 2008 chair. High purity germanium detectors are mostly used for gamma spectroscopy in nuclear physics, as well as xray spectroscopy. Sep 21, 2011 we present an initial evaluation of a mechanicallycooled, high purity germanium doublesided strip detector as a potential gamma camera for smallanimal spect.
Why high purity germanium hpge radiation detection. Ortec provides a comprehensive suite of hpge radiation detector solutions covering an extensive range of energies and for a variety of applications. High purity germanium detectors hpge detectors are the best solution for precise gamma and xray spectroscopy. Fabrication process development for high purity germanium. On the underground production of high purity germanium. Four detectors show good performance, which indicates that crystals grown at usd are suitable for making hpge detectors.
Semiconductors for room temperature nuclear detector. Geli and high purity ge detectors new physics with ultrapure germanium infrared photoconductors and bolometers isotopically controlled. These crystals should not have a net electrically active impurity concentration greater than 10 l0 cm. Snm shape can be determined by using a gamma ray imaging system that is capable of imaging either pu239 or u235. Because germanium has relatively low band gap, these detectors must be cooled in order to reduce the thermal generation of charge carriers thus reverse leakage current to an acceptable level. Standard p type coaxial high purity germanium detector cryogen free this detector is to be used as a portable spectrometer for radiation background measurements. The energy response function also was calculated using monte carlo. The temperature sensitivity of surface channel effects on planar high purity germanium detectors was measured using 60kev gammaray scanning techniques, as part of a radiation damage study. Journal of crystallization process and technology vol. Gammaray spectrometry using naitl and hpge detectors.
The response of a high purity germanium detector to xrays in the 815kev energy region has been investigated. Highprecision efficiency calibration of a highpurity co. A prototype high purity germanium detector for high. We use both ptype and ntype germanium and we use diffused, implanted, and barrier contacts to achieve this product variety. This interaction is with the atom as a whole and cannot take place with free electron. For the nuclear hobbyist, an hpge opens a window into a fascinating realm of homeaccessible, lowintensity nuclear reactions that are obscured by background in other detectors lacking the superlative resolution. No abrupt variation of wis observed at the germanium k absorptionedge 11. Broad energy germanium detectors bege by canberra mirion technologies, inc.
Gammaray energies will be measured with a high purity germanium hpge detector and researchgrade electronics. In comparison to silicon detectors, germanium is much more efficient than silicon for radiation detection due to its atomic number being much higher than silicon and due to lower average energy necessary to create an electronhole. Development of pulse shape discrimination methods as. Note hpge detector single element canberra industries. Emerging role of highpurity germanium detectors for. High purity germanium remains the material of choice for the detection of photons in the range of mev or higher, down to. The ultimate result of this analysis would be the deployment of this detector on an autonomous robot for sample collection and remote analysis. On the underground production of high purity germanium detectors. Technology development of high purity germanium crystals. The mirion intelligent preamplifier ipa for high purity germanium hpge detectors is a lownoise, high speed resistive feedback preamplifier designed for high resolution gamma spectroscopy and timing measurements.
Although there is little difference in detector performance. From 1950 through the early 1970s, this area provided an increasing market for germanium, but then high purity silicon began replacing germanium in transistors, diodes, and rectifiers. What is meant by the detection efficiency at specific gammaray energy. The excellent energy resolution that hpge detectors afford often makes them the detector of choice for applications as diverse as nuclear physics research, medical imaging, homeland security, and environmental monitoring.
To complete the gamma spectroscopy laboratory set caen sys includes in its offer a wide choice of high purity germanium detectors hpge. High purity germanium detector calibration at isolde gu. A high purity coaxial germanium detector has been calibrated in efficiency to a precision of about 0. This coaxial detector is available in an energy range of 10 kev to 10 mev. A prototype high purity germanium detector array designed for use in the pulse height analysis mode as a discrete photon energy detector for medical imaging was fabricated and tested. Detector fabrication and performance article pdf available in ieee transactions on nuclear science ns191. This experiment will familiarize you with the instrumentation used in gamma. Germanium detectors are semiconductor diodes having a pin structure in which the intrinsic i region is sensitive to ionizing radiation, particularly x rays and gamma rays. We characterized the detectors by measuring the leakage current, capacitance, and energy resolution at 662 kev with a cs7 source. The present disclosure provides a highpurity germanium hpge detector, comprising.
However, these detectors require cooling to liquid nitrogen temperatures for optimal performance, making a compact imaging system for clinical and preclinical settings unrealistic in the past. Use of a highpurity germanium semiconductor detector for. The wvalue and energy resolution dependencies on the xray energy have been studied. Title christopher leslie csiro land and water science report 1209 may 2009 analysing environmental radioactivity in soils and sediments using high purity germanium gamma detectors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using a high purity germanium double sided strip detector hpgedssd to image special nuclear material snm for use in the field of nuclear nonproliferation.
Radiation detectors made of high purity germanium hpge are in the front line of fundamental research since their first development. Using the models it can be easily shown how the above mentioned. Analysing environmental radioactivity in soils and. The canberra broad energy ge bege detector covers the energy range of 3 kev to 3 mev like no other. Gammaray spectroscopy is the quantitative study of the energy spectra of gammaray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. Jra1 is named lowbackground techniques for deep underground science laboratories lbtdusl. Pdf laur nation a l laboratory high purity germanium.
1434 570 251 418 1006 234 991 353 298 1547 38 312 133 785 326 469 553 180 267 1021 793 437 1517 363 1137 1113 825 1486 645 1304 326 732 1102 700 998 652 678 1313 1298